Employee Spotlight: Stine

Five years has passed since Stine joined Dyalog Ltd, and in only a few weeks she will also celebrate a year and a half as our CEO. When asked about her first five years, Stine said “Time passes very quickly when you’re having fun, so for me, this anniversary has come far sooner than I was expecting! Taking over this role from Gitte meant not rocking the boat too much – if it’s not broken, there is no reason to fix it. I do make changes though – I try to use my fresh perspective to identify places where we can improve. These changes must be made while still staying true to the Dyalog culture and making people feel safe, both within Dyalog Ltd and in our user community. I try to make small incremental changes, and give people plenty of opportunities to contribute and complain along the way.”

The most important skills for a person in Stine’s position are patience and empathy. Change can be difficult, even if it’s for the better – this is especially true at Dyalog Ltd, where Stine’s favourite part of our culture is the passion. “Every employee is passionate about the company and our product. Dyalog Ltd is not just a workplace, it is a family…a lifestyle. I try to guard that passion so that it never burns out, while feeding it new firewood in the form of good working conditions, influence on the product, and a collaborate leadership style.”

Stine works from our office in Copenhagen. It is here that her favourite ducks are – they are part of a flock of 400 mini ducks that Martina placed around the office as an April Fools joke!

When asked about her most significant project in her time at Dyalog Ltd, Stine replied “Since I became CEO, things stopped being about me. My main task is to make sure that everyone else has the chance to shine, so I have nothing that I have done on my own”. If she must identify her proudest achievement so far, it is getting everyone to arrive on time for meetings (sometimes even five minutes early!).

Even though Stine grew up with APL being the language of choice at home, she never really learnt it (despite trying multiple times), mostly because her interest lies more with people and processes. Helping people grow and making their lives easier makes Stine happy, so even though she is still being teased about her lack of APL skills(!), we can understand that she prioritises other things.

Stine is working on making Dyalog Ltd future proof. She aims to ensure that knowledge and skills are shared from the more experienced employees to the newcomers, so we can continue to operate and support our users for many years to come. We have many key people in the older generation of employees, and the challenge of externalising years of accumulated knowledge and experience is one that Stine has been happy to take on. Some of us have been with Dyalog Ltd for as long as Stine has been alive, and no single individual joining us today can possibly assume their roles without extensive mentoring and knowledge transfer. For Stine, playing role matchmaker and facilitator is both exiting and very rewarding. She plans to serve Dyalog Ltd for many years, continuing to focus on improving and simplifying our work lives, so that we can deliver a good product that remains in touch with the latest technological developments.

Outside work, Stine enjoys dancing and reading books, as well as taking care of her proudest achievement: her children. Long-standing members of the community might remember a Dyalog user meeting in Elsinore where she led a Zumba class every afternoon for the whole week; Stine still does Zumba twice a week, and it is one of the things that helps her to stay sane and in shape.

Open Source APL Projects

To grow the APL community, we need to make it easier for people outside the current community to become involved.

Over the last few years we have been increasing the number of our tools and libraries that are maintained as open source projectsOpen source refers to software whose design and source code are publicly accessible, allowing anyone to study, modify, and share it – this fosters collaboration, transparency, and wider community participation in building and improving technology. By making more of our tools available as open source projects, we hope more people will feel able to contribute, innovate, and help shape the future of APL.

We are now inviting developers, students, and enthusiasts to contribute to the evolution and development of some of these tools and libraries, and are able to offer mentorship around some specific projects that we have identified as being of the most benefit to the wider APL community.

Why Contribute?

This is not just about publishing code, but cultivating real collaboration. APL is a powerful language, but its community is relatively small and your contributions have a visible impact. Whether you’re curious about APL or just want to contribute to a fascinating part of the programming world, this is your chance.

Explore the Projects

Open Source Software Projects introduces the projects that we have identified as being of the most benefit to the wider APL community. In addition to the project aims and description, each one includes information on the estimated workload and difficulty level. From beginner-friendly tasks to more complex challenges, there’s something for everyone. For example:

Make the TryAPL Front End Mobile-Friendly
Enhance the TryAPL web interface to provide a seamless experience on mobile devices. This involves refactoring the input system to prevent the device’s native keyboard from appearing and implementing an on-screen keyboard for APL symbols.

  • Skills Required: JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and an interest in APL.
  • Estimated Workload: Medium (175 hours)
  • Difficulty Level: Medium

Dyalog Jupyter Kernel New Features
Expand the capabilities of the Dyalog Jupyter kernel. This involves implementing new features, such as Dyalog Magics, to enhance the interactive computing experience.

  • Skills Required: Python, APL, and familiarity with Jupyter notebooks.
  • Estimated Workload: Medium (175 hours).
  • Difficulty Level: Medium

Implement a New Language Backend for Co-dfns
Develop a new backend for the Co-dfns APL compiler, targeting a language of your choice (e.g., JavaScript, Python, Rust). This project offers flexibility and the opportunity to delve deep into compiler architecture.

  • Skills Required: APL, C, and proficiency in the chosen target language.
  • Estimated Workload: Long (350 hours)
  • Difficulty Level: Hard

The Dyalog OSS-Projects GitHub repository includes information on how to submit your suggestions for projects, whether it’s something you would like to work on or not.

Get Involved

We encourage contributors at all levels to participate – whether you’re a seasoned developer or new to open source, you are very welcome and there is a place for you. The community is active on GitHub Discussions and there are also many other places where you can chat with people, ask questions, share ideas, and collaborate with mentors and peers (for example, the APL Orchard).

Our open source initiative is more than just a list of projects; it’s an invitation to be part of a vibrant community pushing the boundaries of what’s possible with APL. Whether you’re looking to contribute to existing tools, explore the depths of compiler design, or simply learn a new language, there’s an opportunity waiting for you.

Ready to get started? Explore the projects and start contributing today!

DYNA Spring 2025: A Review

Earlier this month we hosted a DYNA (Dyalog North America) event. We returned to the same venue as DYNA24, and again had a capacity crowd.

The day started with an update from our CTO, Morten Kromberg, regarding the latest developments at Dyalog Ltd – both within the company and with Dyalog and its associated offerings. One notable change is a transition in how we will provide the documentation. From Dyalog v20.0, we are moving towards using open-source markdown-based documentation on GitHub. The benefits of this approach are improved searching functionality and the ability for more people, internal and external, to contribute. If you see an issue with the documentation, you can raise a GitHub issue or even submit a correction as a pull request.

Several new tools are in progress, including:

  • an interface to Apache Kafka, which is a popular open-source distributed event streaming platform used by thousands of companies.
  • a tool to perform static analysis of APL code that will detect vulnerabilities and other bad practices. This will help our customers adhere to “best practices” for software vulnerability analysis.
  • leveraging AI both to help our customers develop APL code and to help them use AI in their own applications.

Morten then spoke about the current and forthcoming versions of Dyalog, sharing the highlights of v19.0, reviewing v19.4.1(!), and previewing v20.0, which will be available later this year. Among its many features are two highly anticipated ones:

  • Array notation – this will have a significant impact on how arrays can be specified in code. Creating namespaces is now particularly easy, as rather than creating a namespace and subsequently assigning values in the namespace, they can be completely specified in notation.
  • Inline tracing – this will allow the developer to trace each element of an APL expression, displaying information about left and right arguments, operands, and so on. This should help make understanding long or dense lines of APL code much easier.

Morten’s second presentation focused on efforts to provide sets of migration tools for two different purposes – to migrate applications that are currently using Dyalog’s ⎕WC to non-Windows platforms, and to migrate applications written in other APL implementations to Dyalog APL.

EWC (Everywhere Window Create) is intended to be as syntactically identical to ⎕WC as possible to simplify the process of enabling existing ⎕WC applications to run on platforms other than Microsoft Windows with virtually no changes. EWC uses HTML, JavaScript, and CSS in the HTMLRenderer or a browser to render the GUI. This opens up the possibility for users to integrate other JavaScript libraries, inject custom CSS, or develop custom controls to add additional GUI elements beyond those that ⎕WC can provide alone. Neil Kirsopp is our resident JavaScript expert, and is leading the client side of EWC. Morten showed screenshots of an existing ⎕WC application and its EWC equivalent, as well as a new EWC application that he developed to help track the administrative work necessary for maintenance and scheduling of the sailing ship he co-owns.

Morten Kromberg presenting at the DYNA Spring 2025 APL event in New York City. He is pointing at a screen displaying a sailing ship interface, which includes ropes, rigging, and a schooner in the background.

Photo by Devon McCormick

Morten next discussed source code migration from APL+Win to Dyalog APL. The challenge of migrating a “living” application where changes are being made to the APL+Win code while it is also being converted to Dyalog APL has resulted in a methodology using code in parallel text files, using Git for source code management. A framework to translate the syntactic incongruities between the two APLs has been developed. Perhaps the most daunting difference lies in the GUI architectures. APL+Win uses ⎕WI where Dyalog APL uses ⎕WC. A new tool that we have developed to ameliorate this is ∆WI, which is a ⎕WI emulator that uses ⎕WC under the covers. Although work is not yet complete, the pilot customer is very pleased with the migration effort and the performance of ∆WI.

Morten also noted that many ∆WI-based applications can run using EWC and, therefore, should be able to run in the cloud. Davin Church (Creative Software Design), with his extensive APL+Win experience as well as his Dyalog experience, has been enlisted to help develop ∆WI. At this point, Davin joined Morten and mentioned that when he compared Dyalog’s APL-based equivalents to APL+Win’s C-based “fastfns”, the Dyalog code typically ran slightly faster.

Mark Wolfson (BIG) spoke about how Dyalog is used within his company. BIG has revolutionised the Jewelry industry, and their product is known for accommodating and handling many different input files and formats from jewellery shops across the USA. Mark is quick to advocate for, and experiment with, some of the newest Dyalog features. Now with Jarvis and EWC, he has been able to very quickly deploy new front-end features to his customers, sometimes sometimes even while they are describing their problem to him over the phone! This is in stark contrast to trying to create a ticket to get the same features built and created by the C# development team.

Mark Wolfson speaking at the DYNA Spring 2025 APL event in New York City. He gestures with a presentation remote while discussing a topic, with a whiteboard containing Wi-Fi details in the background.

Brian Becker then presented “The Many Faces of Jarvis”. Jarvis is Dyalog’s web service framework that can be used to deliver JSON or REST-based web services – it provides a mechanism for clients to access your APL code over the net without them having to know anything about APL. Since its inception, Jarvis has become a key component of many Dyalog projects, both internally and amongst our customers. Brian described how features have been added to Jarvis in direct response to customer needs.

Josh Davis showcased some of the tools and functionality that are used in day-to-day development. He decided to live dangerously, and demonstrated this by working out a problem in real time using some of the public datasets made available by New York City. He did an analysis and produced a report of tree data (the plant, not the datatype!) across the five boroughs. It involved the use of some newer primitives such as the key and at operators, other system functions for reading/writing files, the HTMLRenderer and a JavaScript plotting library, COM for Microsoft Windows automation, .NET for cryptography routines, SQAPL for database access, HttpCommand for web requests, and ⎕R for regular expressions support. All these tools come with a Dyalog installation.

Josh David presenting at the DYNA Spring 2025 APL event in New York City. He is seated in front of a large screen displaying a slide titled "Leveraging Community Packages," which lists various technologies and tools used with Dyalog APL.

Photo by Devon McCormick

Max Sun (BCA Research) presented a demonstration of some of the tools he used to build the talk he gave at LambdaConf last year; he runs APL examples in a Jupyter Notebook, using SharpPlot for plots.

Brian and Mark presented thoughts and developments on Dyalog and AI. Brian posed two questions:

  • How can Dyalog use AI to help our customers?
    • Making documentation easier to search and navigate
    • Explaining what a piece of APL code is doing
    • Generating APL code
  • What can Dyalog do to help our customers use AI?
    • What tools can we provide to help our customers to integrate AI into their applications

Integrating APL and AI faces several challenges. Firstly, there’s very little APL with which to train Large Language Models (LLMs), especially compared to languages like Python and JavaScript. This can lead to frequent “hallucinations”, where the LLM just makes something up. Secondly, APL is not a focus for AI purveyors. Although there is documentation and packages for Python and other language to interface to LLMs, it’s up to us to develop them for APL.

Brian demonstrated a Google NotebookLM, into which much of the Dyalog documentation had been uploaded. This provided “context” for the LLM, which made the search results more accurate and applicable. Next came a demonstration of Cursor, which is essentially Anthropic’s Claude LLM integrated within Visual Studio Code. Brian provided a dfn and asked what the code did. The response was impressively accurate. He then loaded the HttpCommand git repository and asked for a summary – again the results were impressive. Brian then showed how he asked an LLM to write a simple piece of APL code. The LLM got it wrong, which Brian pointed out. This went through several iterations, with the LLM profusely apologising for its mistakes as it went on to generate another, different, mistake! It should be noted that different LLMs will perform better or worse depending on what body of material they have been trained on, and new, better, LLMs are being rolled out all the time.

Brian has used HttpCommand to develop interfaces to OpenAI‘s and Anthropic’s APIs. Many LLMs are OpenAI compatible, which means their API is very similar to OpenAI’s. Developing and documenting interfaces to LLMs will continue to be a focus. Mark discussed how AI could be useful at BIG, citing real-world use cases to balance inventory, improve look-ups, and provide alternative items based on their attributes and photographic similarity. Mark also raised the question of using commercial cloud-based AI for proprietary data. How private and secure is your intellectual property?

Brian’s presentation on “The APL Ecosystem” highlighted the online resources that exist to help people learn APL and participate in, and contribute to, the APL community. The single most useful resource seems to be the APL Wiki, but there is also TryAPL, APLCart, APL videos on YouTube, APL-related GitHub repositories, Hacker News, the APL Orchard on Stack Exchange, the APL Farm on Discord, the APL Challenge, the APL Forge, and various APL-related presentations at LambdaConf, Functional Conf, and PLDI.

To close the event, Diane Hymas asked everyone to “remember how you felt the day you discovered APL”. This was her lead-in to introducing The APL Trust – a non-profit entity aiming to promote awareness and use of the APL programming language by funding APL projects, especially in the areas of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). Although the initial plan was to have one global fund, for tax purposes it was more expedient to start with a US fund, with other related funds in the UK and EU to follow. Hopefully the APL Trust will become an incubator of some great new APL ideas and software!

After the day’s scheduled agenda, most of the attendees walked around the corner to the Yard House for dinner and drinks. All in all, the day was fun, informative, and a great opportunity to interact with other APL enthusiasts.

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All the presentation materials from DYNA Spring 2025 can be downloaded.

DYNA Fall 2025 will take place on 29-30 September – register for updates as information becomes available.

Employee Spotlight: Bjørn

We have now had the pleasure of working with Bjørn for 20 years, so it seemed like an ideal opportunity to ask him to look back over the last two decades.

Bjørn first discovered APL when Gitte Christensen and Morten Kromberg invited him to participate in an APL course; he also used it in a few courses during his civil engineering degree.

Over the last two decades, Dyalog Ltd has grown from 8 employees to almost 30, has embraced evolving technology and trends, become a more geographically-distributed company with employees across multiple timezones, and seen a change of CEO. However, the combination of freedom and responsibility that Bjørn enjoys has not changed in this time. This has helped him in his role creating interfaces from APL to other APLs – more generally, developing tools that are not written in APL. For example, he wrote an interface from APL to ODBC so that APL user can access SQL databases. Bjørn derives great satisfaction from providing tools that customers need. His proudest achievement is the creation of Conga, Dyalog’s framework for TCP/IP communications (most new applications uses Conga directly or indirectly through other tools). There have been challenges too, such as developing his cryptography skills to a sufficient level to help colleagues and customers, but he has found that good spirits and persistence usually prevail in such situations.

Bjørn’s motivation at work remains his enjoyment in solving interesting problems and helping others. As he states, “I really like helping the customers”! He intends to continue in this role, although is now reducing his hours so that he can spend more time doing the things that he enjoys outside work, such as sailing in the summer and badminton in the winter. He’s also a very good dancer – his tango is legendary amongst his colleagues!

Bjørn is looking forward to many more years of serving Dyalog Ltd’s customers.

[Editor’s note: Morten started at the same time as Bjørn – his retrospective on how Dyalog Ltd and Dyalog have evolved since then will be published soon.]

Announcing Dyalog v19.4.1

Although the core language primitives (also known as squiggles) are closest to our hearts, we spend a lot of time creating interfaces to external components such as the operating system, widely-used APIs, and file and data formats. The core language remains stable with occasional extensions, but the system functions that provide these interfaces need constant enhancements as the world evolves around us.

The last few years have seen dramatic changes to the computing world and the array of things with which an APL application needs to interact. We would like to highlight the following features of version 19.4.1 – released today – that are likely to be very useful in the years to come:

AI-related:

  • ⎕AI      Artificial Intelligence
  • ⎕DF      LLM Degrees of Freedom
  • ⎕DL      Deep Learning level
  • ⎕DQ      Data Query
  • ⎕FIX     Fix code automatically
  • ⎕ML      Machine Learning

Online safety:

  • ⎕CT      Counter-Terrorism event
  • ⎕DR      Disaster Recovery event
  • ⎕PW      Password manager
  • ⎕SHADOW  deep state integration
  • ⎕STATE   official government integration
  • ⎕WC      for when you really need to go
  • ⎕WX      weather control

Communications:

  • ⎕AT      Bluesky protocol
  • ⎕DM      send Direct Message
  • ⎕FCHK    Fact Check
  • ⎕IO      universal Input/Output
  • ⎕RL      Real Life (inverse of ⎕SM)
  • ⎕SM      Social Media access
  • ⎕VR      Virtual Reality support

Miscellaneous:

  • ⎕ATX     motherboard properties
  • ⎕FUNTIE  deliver clothing
  • ⎕FX      toggle special effects
  • ⎕NA      (not applicable)
  • ⎕PP      PowerPoint mode
  • ⎕RTL     order of execution

Download Dyalog (it is free!) and explore these features – let us know what you think. Meanwhile, we at Dyalog Ltd will continue our hard work adding ever more value to Dyalog!

Welcome Andrea Plovgaard Frederiksen

It came as a surprise to Andrea (but not to anybody else) that she wanted to work as an executive assistant. She should have anticipated it; she did write her master’s thesis in rhetoric on how to lay the foundation for a great partnership between the rhetorical adviser and the director that needs assistance!

As in any great story, the goal wasn’t achieved from the beginning. Instead, Andrea spent four years as an external consultant in rhetoric, working her way through the Danish public and private sector. She travelled extensively, and learned how to write speeches, lead workshops, teach rhetoric, and sell consultancy services. It didn’t matter whether the client was top management, a union representative, or a specialised worker – everybody needs to be able to speak well and engage a crowd.

However, Andrea knew that working from the outside wasn’t what she desired. She wanted to be part of the organisation that she was helping, getting to know its members, its strategy, and its challenges and strength in depth. She also wanted to work closely with one or two members of management so that she could refine her ability to anticipate their needs and really be of assistance. This was a discussion that she often had with Stine, whenever the two of them and their partners met up to drink port and catch up. After two years of listening to this, Stine asked her if she wanted to try working with her and Dyalog Ltd. Andrea was sceptical at first as programming had never caught her interest, but her three-week internship passed very quickly. For a person interested in communication, behavioural design, and people, Dyalog Ltd was a wonderful source of learning and development. Advising on communication, helping with administration, and partaking in leadership discussions gave Andrea a new sense of fulfilment; here she got to stay and actually do the work instead of always leaving for the next client. After her internship she submitted a formal application and soon found herself thrown headfirst into a whole new world of programming and APL. Besides tackling administration and communicational tasks, Andrea is also trying to increase the number of memes being circulated in Dyalog Ltd!

When she is not at work, Andrea can be found in her garden, her kitchen, or in bed with the newspaper and a pot of coffee! If she must be honest, most of the time she will be found at her own computer, staying in touch with friends and planning the next gathering!